The Theory of Structuration & the Politics of the Third Way
1 Anthony Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Weber (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), vii
2 Lars Kaspersen, Anthony Giddens: An Introduction to a Social Theorist (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 183.
3 Anthony Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism (London: Macmillan, 1981).
4 Anthony Giddens, Studies in Social and Political Theory (New York: Basic Books, 1977) 263-272.
6 Anthony Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Weber (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971).
7 Anthony Giddens, Sociology - a Brief but Critical Introduction (London: Macmillan, 1982) 1-17.
8 Andrew Collier, Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy (London and New York: Verso, 1994).
9 Anthony Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory (London: Macmillan, 1979) 63.
10 Norman Geras, "Post-Marxism?," in Discourses of Extremity: Radical Ethics and Post-Marxist Extravagances (London and New York: Verso, 1990), 74.
11 To avoid the relativist conclusions requires closer examination of the assumption that identical observation statements disclose radically different "universes" of facts. This is the lynchpin of contemporary relativism in the philosophy of science and the humanities (just replace "observation statement" with "signifier"), and it is false. The example given will serve here for demonstration: the electro-magnetic and the quantum observers are not looking at the same instrument. The relativist position simply assumes that identical observation statements can be explained in radically incommensurable ways (hence there is no rational difference between science and pseudo-science) - but this is only an assumption. It is not necessary to abandon the insight into the theoretical construction of observed facts to propose, with the Critical Realist school, that significant regions of a theoretical paradigm can be translated into the observation language of another paradigm and comparison of the relative efficacy of the theories conducted. Moreover, there are significant operative and investigative differences between science and pseudo-science. While these are not completely separate from social tasks and the historically determined characteristics of Western rationality, they are not reducible to these factors, either.
12 Anthony Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretive Sociologies (Stanford: Standford University Press, 1993) 146.
14 Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory 4.
15 Giddens, New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretive Sociologies 24.
16 Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory 59.
17 Anthony Giddens, Social Theory and Modern Sociology (Cambridge: Polity, 1987) 63.
19 Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society (Cambridge: Polity, 1984) 2-3.
20 Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory 55.
23 Ibid.,, 46. Giddens, The Constitution of Society 17.
24 Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory 117.
26 Giddens, The Constitution of Society 2.
27 Giddens, The Constitution of Society 49.
28 Giddens, Sociology - a Brief but Critical Introduction 29.
29 Cited in Kasparson, Anthony Giddens: An Introduction to a Social Theorist 37.
30 Giddens, The Constitution of Society 14.
32 Giddens, Central Problems in Social Theory 93.
33 Giddens, The Constitution of Society.
35 Anthony Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism (London: Macmillan, 1981) 27.
36 Giddens, The Constitution of Society 185.
40 Giddens, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism 30-34.
41 Giddens, The Constitution of Society 35-36.
43 Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990) 56-57.
46 Ibid.,, 71. Diagram is an adaptation.
47 Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, Scott Lash, Reflexive Modernization (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994) 96.
48 Anthony Giddens, Beyond Left and Right - the Future of Radical Politics (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994) 4-5.
50 Anthony Giddens, "Living in the Post-Traditional Society," in Reflexive Modernization, ed. Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, Scott Lash (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 62.
53 Anthony Giddens, Runaway World (London: Profile Books, 1999).
54 Niklas Luhmann, Social Systems, trans. John Bednarz (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995) 24,25.
56 Anthony Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991) 2.
60 Anthony Giddens, The Transformation of Intimacy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992) 58.
62 Giddens, Beyond Left and Right 68-69.
63 Anthony Giddens, The Third Way - a Renewal of Social Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998) 100.
64 Anthony Giddens, Beyond Left and Right (1994), 140.
65 Giddens, Beyond Left and Right (1994), 152.
66 Anthony Giddens, The Third Way - A Renewal of Social Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998), 31.
67 Giddens, The Third Way (1998), 32-33.
68 Giddens, The Third Way (1998), 45.
74 Giddens, Beyond Left and Right (1994), 18.
77 Giddens, The Third Way (1998), 66.
80 Giddens, Beyond Left and Right (1994), 124-125.
81 Giddens, The Third Way (1998), 79-81.
84 Anthony Giddens, Conversations with Anthony Giddens: Making Sense of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998), 20.
85 Giddens, The Third Way (1998), 133. Giddens is citing David Miller, president of the Fabian Society of Great Britain.
87 Giddens, Beyond Left and Right (1994), 43. Giddens is citing John Gray.